Immunohistochemistry (IHC) uses antibodies counter-stained with one or more chromogens to identify specific proteins, lipids, cytokeratins or other cellular components associated with diseases or the patient's prognosis. In cases such as metastases or carcinoma of unknown primary origin, where it may be difficult to determine the type of cell from which the tumor originated, immunohistochemistry can identify cells by the characteristic markers on the cell surface. IHC can also help distinguish between benign and malignant tumors. Occasionally performed using batteries or panels of antibodies this technology is extremely useful for experienced pathologists.

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